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Last Updated:  March 16, 2009 

Publications

Best, D., Day, E., Campbell, A., Flynn, P. M., & Simpson, D. D. (2009).  Relationship between drug treatment engagement and criminal thinking style among drug-using offenders.  European Addiction Research, 15(2), 71-77.

Abstract:  The effectiveness of drug treatment in reducing offending and drug use has been debated, along with more specific concerns about the impact of the UK Drug Intervention Program in the UK on reducing offending through diversion into treatment.  This study examines drug users diverted into treatment in one UK city to assess their treatment engagement and criminal thinking styles.  Findings show there is an association between higher criminal thinking and both poorer engagement in treatment and worse client functioning.  The implication is that to address offending-prone behavior as a determinant of ongoing drug use, it appears to be important that criminal thinking styles are considered.
  

Dansereau, D. F., & Simpson, D. D.  (2009).  A picture is worth a thousand words:  The case for graphic representations.  Professional Psychology:  Research & Practice, 40(1), 104-110.

Abstract:  Research in psychology and communication shows a strong advantage for visual displays in comparison to typical language, and technological innovations in computer graphics and printing capabilities now make them cost effective as well. It can be argued that the greater use of evidence-based visualization strategies can enhance communication occurring in the interactions among and between health service delivery counselors, clients, evaluators, administrators, and clinical supervisors. In this paper we present conceptual, empirical, and practical reasons for increasing the use of node-link (box-line) graphic representations in psychological treatment systems. These general purpose displays offer clinical advantages by clearly representing interrelationships between ideas, emotions, and actions that are often lost in verbal discourse.  [Keywords:  Communication enhancement, visual displays, node-link representations, technology transfer, evidence-based]
   

Joe, G. W., Simpson, D. D., & Szal, G. A. (2009).  Interaction of counseling rapport and topics discussed in sessions with methadone treatment clients.  Substance Use & Misuse, 44(1), 3-17.

Abstract:  Therapeutic rapport between counselors and clients in drug user treatment has been shown to be an important predictor of follow-up outcomes.  This naturalistic study investigated the relationship of counseling rapport to drug-related topics discussed in counseling sessions in a sample of 330 clients and nine counselors.  A majority of the clients were males, Hispanic, had a pending legal status and the average age was 39.  The results supported the hypothesis that higher rapport would be associated with addressing clients in a more “supportive approach” that emphasized relapse prevention and strengths-building while lower rapport would be associated with a punitive counseling style that stressed program rules and compliance.  Client background, counselor differences, and during-treatment positive urines were examined as factors.  The findings indicate that focusing on constructive solutions is the preferred counseling approach.
   

Sacks, S., Cleland, C. M., Melnick, G., Flynn, P. M., Knight, K., Friedmann, P. D., Prendergast, M. L., & Coen, C. (2009).   Violent offenses associated with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems: Evidence from CJDATS.   Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 27, 51-69.

Abstract:  The present study examines the relationship between substance use, mental health problems, and violence in a sample of offenders released from prison and referred to substance abuse treatment programs.  Data from 34 sites (n = 1,349) in a federally funded cooperative, the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJDATS), were analyzed.  Among parolees referred to substance abuse treatment, self-reports for the six-month period before the arrest resulting in their incarceration revealed frequent problems with both substance use and mental health.  For most offenders with substance use problems, the quantity of alcohol consumed and the frequency of drug use were associated with a greater probability of self-reported violence.  Mental health problems were not indicative of increases in violent behavior, with the exception of antisocial personality problems, which were associated with violence.  The paper emphasizes the importance of providing substance abuse treatment in relation to violent behavior among offenders with mental health problems being discharged to the community.  Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  

Simpson, D. D., & Flynn, P. M. (2009).   Drug Abuse Treatment Outcome Studies (DATOS): A national evaluation of treatment effectiveness.   In G. Fisher & N. Roget, (Eds.), Encyclopedia of substance abuse prevention, treatment, and recovery (Vol. 1, pp. 303-307).  Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publishing.

Abstract:   The DATOS findings illustrate consistent behavioral and psychological improvements for adults and adolescents during residential and outpatient treatments and following discharge across the domains of alcohol and drug use, criminality, social performance, and psychological functioning.  Improvements during treatment and first year after discharge also were largely sustained in the 5-year follow-up results.  Poorer outcomes were associated with lack of engagement in treatment and inadequate retention, especially for clients reporting more serious drug use histories and related problems at admission.  More intensive and sustained services are therefore indicated for drug users with greater needs, and this type of systematic adaptation of therapeutic care to client needs can optimize cost effectiveness of treatment.  However, there were program variations in client engagement and retention that reflect variations in quality of services in practice.  Thus, organizational-level factors that influence treatment quality and efforts to adopt and sustain innovations deserve special attention in future studies of treatment effectiveness.
   

Simpson, D. D., Rowan-Szal, G. A., Joe, G. W., Best, D., Day, E., & Campbell, A.  (2009).  Relating counselor attributes to client engagement in England.  Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,36(3), 313-320.

Abstract:  Client functioning and treatment engagement were examined in relation to staff attributes and organizational climate across a diverse sample of drug treatment and outreach programs in England.  Self-rating assessments were obtained from 1,539 clients and 439 counselors representing 44 programs, and results were interpreted using comparable data from studies of treatment programs in the United States.  Client scores on treatment participation and counseling rapport in England were directly related to their higher levels of motivation and psychosocial functioning, as well as to staff ratings of professional attributes and program atmosphere.  By linking records from English clients with their counselors in each program, findings also indicate these relationships are rooted in the personal interactions between clients and their counselor.  Standardized assessments of treatment structure, process, and performance used across therapeutic settings and national boundaries show there is generalizability in the pattern of clinical dynamics, including the relationships between organizational functioning and quality of services.  [Keywords:  treatment process, client motivation, client engagement, counselor rapport, organizational climate]
  

Publications In Press

Czuchry, M., Newbern-McFarland, D., & Dansereau, D. F.  (in press).  Visual representation tools for improving addiction treatment outcomes.  Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 

Abstract:  To examine the effectiveness of two visual representation counseling techniques for reducing illicit drug use, participants were randomly assigned to receive standard treatment “as usual” or standard treatment supplemented with free mapping or free plus guide mapping.  Each counselor delivered all types of treatment to participants to control for differences in counselor characteristics (e.g., experience, empathy).  Eighty-two participants who had received one year of methadone maintenance treatment and had urinalysis and self-report data for illicit drug use 6 months after treatment were examined.  Compared to participants receiving standard treatment, participants randomly assigned to the free plus guide mapping condition had significantly lower opiate use based on urinalysis and self-report data.  These results support the use of the free plus guide visual representation strategy and provide evidence for the concurrent validity of self-report measures of illicit drug use.  [Keywords:  counseling; mapping; methadone; self-report; urinalysis]
  

Dansereau, D. F., & Simpson, D. D.  (in press).  A picture is worth a thousand words:  The case for graphic representations.  Professional Psychology:  Research & Practice.

Abstract:  Research in psychology and communication shows a strong advantage for visual displays in comparison to typical language, and technological innovations in computer graphics and printing capabilities now make them cost effective as well. It can be argued that the greater use of evidence-based visualization strategies can enhance communication occurring in the interactions among and between health service delivery counselors, clients, evaluators, administrators, and clinical supervisors. In this paper we present conceptual, empirical, and practical reasons for increasing the use of node-link (box-line) graphic representations in psychological treatment systems. These general purpose displays offer clinical advantages by clearly representing interrelationships between ideas, emotions, and actions that are often lost in verbal discourse.  [Keywords:  Communication enhancement, visual displays, node-link representations, technology transfer, evidence-based]
    

Simpson, D. D.  (in press).  Organizational readiness for stage-based dynamics of innovation implementation.  Research on Social Work Practice.

Abstract:  Implementing innovations in social and health-related service programs is a dynamic stage-based process.  This paper discusses training, adoption, implementation, and practice as sequential elements of a conceptual framework for effective preparation and implementation of evidence-based innovations.  However, systems need to be prepared for change in terms of organizational readiness and functioning as well as their service delivery infrastructure.  Emphasis is given to practical methods for advancing innovation implementation through collection and applications of better information about staff perceptions of need, organizational climate and resources, leadership commitments to change, and barriers likely to be faced.  Measurement tools for these constructs, along with evidence of their applications in field studies, are presented.  [Keywords:  innovations, implementation process, organizational readiness for change, preparation for change, stage-based measurement]

Lists by Year

2009   Abstracts
2008   Abstracts
2007   Abstracts
2006   Abstracts
2005   Abstracts
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2003   Abstracts
2002   Abstracts
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2000   Abstracts
1999   Abstracts
1998   Abstracts
1997   Abstracts
1996   Abstracts
1995   Abstracts
1994   Abstracts
1993   Abstracts
1992   Abstracts
1991   Abstracts
1990   Abstracts
1987-89   Abstracts
1984-86   Abstracts
1981-83   Abstracts
1978-80   Abstracts
1975-77   Abstracts
1972-74   Abstracts
1967-70   Abstracts
   
Lists by Research Focus

Process, Outcome, and Dissemination Studies
DATAR
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By Topic

Correctional Treatment Outcome Evaluations
CJ-DATS

Cognitive Intervention Studies
CETOP

Organizational Attributes and Program Resources
TCOM

National Treatment Outcome Evaluations
DATOS
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DARP
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Special Issues:
· Women & Children
· Drugs in the Workplace
· HIV/AIDS Outreach
· Inhalant Use by Youth

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