www.ibr.tcu.edu/
pubs/recent/
91abs.html

Questions
and Additional
Information:
ibr@tcu.edu

Site Comments:
Webmaster

Updated:
December 11, 2007

Joe, G. W., Simpson, D. D., & Hubbard, R. L. (1991). Unmet service needs in methadone maintenance. International Journal of the Addictions, 26(1), 1-22.

Abstract: Most drug abuse treatment agencies maintain a wide array of ancillary services, either on-site or through off-site referral resources, for helping meet the diverse social, medical, and psychological needs of clients. The extent to which these needs are met may be an important factor in client retention and outcomes. Perceived unmet service needs and their relationship to client outcomes were therefore studied in relationship to a framework for studying drug abuse treatment process factors. The outcomes in the present study were time in treatment and relapse to opioid use during treatment, and these were examined in relation to perceived need for services and their delivery (whether or not these services were received). The sample consisted of 590 methadone maintenance clients in 21 clinics in the RTI/TOPS data system. The results showed that the measure of unmet needs for services was not significantly related to time to relapse or to time in treatment. However, there appeared to be an indirect effect. There were differences for clinic type and a few significant interactions with other predictor variables used to study treatment process.

Joe, G. W., Simpson, D. D., & Hubbard, R. L. (1991). Treatment predictors of tenure in methadone maintenance. Journal of Substance Abuse, 3, 73-84.

Abstract: Tenure in methadone maintenance treatment was analyzed in terms of treatment process factors using a survival curve regression analysis. The treatment process framework included client variables at entry, program characteristics, treatment events, and client attitudes and satisfaction. The sample consisted of 606 methadone maintenance clients from 21 different clinics. Significant predictors included professional classifications of the diagnosing and treatment-planning staff members, measures of early treatment services, client attitudes and satisfaction, methadone dosage level, and frequency of urine monitoring. The results showed higher tenure rates when specialized professionals diagnosed problems and defined treatment plans, when service needs were addressed, when client attitudes and satisfaction were high, and when methadone dose was higher. Lower tenure rates were found among blacks and clients with lower sociodemographic status. Lower tenure also occurred among those who perceived the program as less accessible or less structured in its procedures.

Joe, G. W., Knezek, L., Watson, D., & Simpson, D. D. (1991). Depression and decision-making among intravenous drug users. Psychological Reports, 68, 339-347.

Abstract: Two short scales, the TCU Depression Scale and the TCU Decision-making Scale, were psychometrically evaluated in a sample of 145 intravenous drug users. Coefficient alpha reliabilities were .78 for the 6-item TCU Depression Scale and .77 for the 9-item TCU Decision-making Scale. Concurrent validity of the former scale was assessed by correlating scores with those on the Beck Depression Inventory, r = .75. Based on the Beck Depression Inventory Clinical cutoff scores, 83% of the sample showed some depression, with 23% severely depressed, 39% moderately depressed, and 21% mildly depressed. Individuals scoring higher on depression on both tests tended to score lower on decision-making. Significant demographic associations of age, gender, education, and race-ethnicity were found for the depression and decision-making scales. More depression was noted for women, those younger, white, and having less education. Older and more educated intravenous drug users tended to score higher on decision-making. Validity for the depression and decision-making scales was assessed by examining correlations with behaviors. Significant positive correlations were found between depression scores and intravenous use of cocaine only, heroin and cocaine combined, and heroin only. Also, intravenous use of cocaine only and of cocaine and heroin combined were negatively related to decision-making. AIDS sex-risky behavior was positively correlated with depression and negatively correlated with decision-making.

Simpson, D. D., & Chatham, L. R. (Eds.). (1991). Inhalant use by Mexican American youth: Findings from a longitudinal study. Special issue of Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3). (This special issue also available from Sage Publications as a book.)

Simpson, D. D., Joe, G. W., & Barrett, M. E. (1991). Inhalant use by Mexican American youth: An introduction. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 246-255.

Abstract:  The absence of longitudinal research on the natural history of toxicant inhalant users prompted the studies conducted and reported in this special issue.  Prospective studies are needed which look at the characteristics of those who use inhalants, the progressive sequence of drug use among individuals characterized by high risks and early prevalence of inhalant use, and later consequences of this behavior – questions not addressed in cross-sectional studies and school surveys.  More specifically, it is important to examine drug use and related outcome measures (e.g,, education, employment, illegal activity) over time in order to assess the long-term consequences of early inhalant use.  In addition, several socioeconomic and cultural factors that have been suggested in the literature as influences on inhalant use should be explored.  The work presented in the following articles was carried out as part of a project originating in 1980 to develop a comprehensive data system, referred to as the Prevention Management and Evaluation System (PMES), for monitoring and evaluating youth admitted to state-funded drug abuse prevention and early intervention services in Texas.  Client-level records were collected and evaluated from 1,542 youth admitted to 12 agencies during 1981 to 1985.

 

Joe, G. W., & Simpson, D. D. (1991). Reasons for inhalant use. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 256-266.

Abstract: The reasons for initiation and quitting toxicant inhalant drug use were examined in a sample of 110 Mexican American adolescents. Results supported the etiological importance of availability, psychological proneness, sensation-seeking and curiosity, parental and home problems, and peer influences. In this sample, however, the role of parental problems and peer influences in starting inhalant use were not as influential as the literature suggests for initial use of other drugs. Availability was not considered an important reason for quitting inhalant use, but social pressures, attitudinal changes, and perceived health risks were important.

 

Smith, S. S., Joe, G. W., & Simpson, D. D. (1991). Parental influences on inhalant use by children. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 267-275.

Abstract: Characteristics of the parents of Mexican American drug users were examined. Interviews with 78 mothers showed that a large percentage were not following the traditional path of marriage, childbirth, and caring for their children at home on a full-time basis. Adherence to traditional roles was related to the mother's age, education, alcohol use, depression, and her child’s depression, but was not related to heroin drug use, criminality, or home environment. In addition, traditional behaviors were not related to her husband’s criminality, alcohol, and drug use, nor to her child's criminality and drug use. Indicators of household stability – such as the parents’ marital status, full employment for the father, and absence of maternal depression – were related to the child’s use of drugs and related problems.

 

Barrett, M. E., Joe, G. W., & Simpson, D. D. (1991). Acculturation influences on inhalant use. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 276-296.

Abstract: The relationship of acculturation and cultural influences to inhalant use was studied in a sample of 110 Mexican American adolescents and their mothers. The analyses examined both the direct relationship of acculturation with outcomes, including inhalant use, as well as the possible indirect relationship of acculturation through socialization, socioeconomic, and psychological variables, with outcome measures. Little support was found for the direct relationship of acculturation with outcomes, but there was limited support for the indirect relationship of acculturation with outcomes through socialization and psychological factors. While the homogeneity of the sample may limit generalization of results, the relationships of drug use with perceived racial discrimination, association with deviant peers, involvement in religion and family, and psychological status are important for future study.

 

Joe, G. W., Garriott, J. C., & Simpson, D. D. (1991). Physical symptoms and psychological distress among inhalant users. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 297-314.

Abstract: A sample of 110 Mexican American adolescents, consisting of subjects with a variety of toxicant inhalant use histories ranging from no use to heavy chronic use, was studied as part of a 4-year follow-up project to determine relationships of inhalant use with health problems, physical symptoms, and psychological adjustment. Self-reports of health problems were not related to inhalant or other drug use histories. However, analysis of blood specimens showed that more extensive lifetime inhalant use was related to SMAC profiles indicative of potential liver problems, and other drug use was associated with test results suggestive of other (non-liver) problems. Based on self-reports, anxiety/depression, cognitive functioning problems, and bowel or bladder symptoms were significantly related to lifetime inhalant use, and psychological distress symptoms were positively related to physical symptoms. Females reported significantly more physical symptoms and psychological distress symptoms than males. Health care providers should be alert to the asymptomatic health problems frequently found in adolescents using inhalants and other drugs.

 

McBride, A. A., Joe, G. W., & Simpson, D. D. (1991). Prediction of long-term alcohol use, drug use, and criminality among inhalant users. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 315-323.

Abstract: Predictors of drug use and other deviant behaviors were examined in a 4-year follow-up study of 110 Mexican American adolescents of low socioeconomic status admitted to a drug abuse prevention program. Results indicated that parental influences had only minor predictive power for outcomes at follow-up, while associations with deviant peers were strongly related to alcohol and drug use as well as involvement in criminal activities. Significant relationships were also found, especially in females, between low satisfaction with school and greater severity of drug use.

 

Joe, G. W., Barrett, M. E., & Simpson, D. D. (1991). An integrative model for drug use severity among inhalant users. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 324-340.

Abstract: Two alternative conceptual models, a psychological-peer model and an integrative model, for explaining inhalant use in early adolescence and drug use severity in later adolescence among Mexican American youth were tested using linear structural equations (LISREL). The models addressed the interrelationships of peer deviancy, psychological vulnerability, availability of inhalants, family environment, acculturative stress, and low social assets and their effects longitudinally on inhalant use and drug use severity. They differed mainly in the specification of direct influences on inhalant use. Results suggest that the integrative model was the better model for explaining the data. The most important component represented peer influences, and only an indirect effect was found for psychological vulnerability on inhalant use and drug use severity. There was no support found for direct influences of availability of inhalants and low socioeconomic assets on inhalant use.

Simpson, D. D., & Barrett, M. E. (1991). A longitudinal study of inhalant use: Overview and discussion of findings. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 13(3), 341-355.

Abstract:  Adolescents such as those studied in this project represent a significant challenge to the drug abuse prevention and treatment agencies serving them and to society in general.  They are at high risk for drug use and deviant behaviors due to their low socioeconomic opportunities, poor educational background, disrupted family environment, poor psychological and emotional adjustment, and social discrimination.  Even though there appears to be short-term gains for many clients while the therapeutic relationship is maintained, this research demonstrates that sustained progress is difficult and long-term outcomes are frequently poor for these youth as a whole.

Lists by Year

2008   Abstracts
2007   Abstracts
2006   Abstracts
2005   Abstracts
2004   Abstracts
2003   Abstracts
2002   Abstracts
2001   Abstracts
2000   Abstracts
1999   Abstracts
1998   Abstracts
1997   Abstracts
1996   Abstracts
1995   Abstracts
1994   Abstracts
1993   Abstracts
1992   Abstracts
1991   Abstracts
1990   Abstracts

Process, Outcome, and Dissemination Studies
DATAR
By Year
By Topic

Correctional Treatment Outcome Evaluations
CJ-DATS

Cognitive Intervention Studies
CETOP

Organizational Attributes and Program Resources
TCOM

National Treatment Outcome Evaluations
DATOS
By Year
By Topic
DARP
By Year
By Topic

Special Issues:
· Women & Children
· Drugs in the Workplace
· HIV/AIDS Outreach
· Inhalant Use by Youth

Home | Manuals | Forms | Evidence |
Publications | Newsletters | Presentations |
Staff | Projects | About IBR |
What's New | Other Links | Downloads
Search | Contents | Site Map |

Copyright and Terms of Use
Privacy Policy