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Hater, J. J., Singh, B. K., & Simpson, D. D. (1984).   Influence of family and religion on long-term outcomes among opioid addicts.   Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse, 4(1), 29-40.

Abstract: This study investigated whether family, religion, and personal background variables were related to long-term follow-up outcomes after treatment for drug abuse. The sample consisted of 1,174 opioid addicts admitted to community treatment agencies during 1972-1973 and who were relocated and interviewed in 1978-1979. The results indicated that family and personal background variables made unique contributions to the prediction of a follow-up composite outcome (representing drug use, employment, and criminality) and a general well-being measure. Religion variables accounted for significant and unique variance only in the general well-being variable. The results favor the inclusion of family and religion variables in the scientific explanation of long-term follow-up outcomes among opioid addicts.
  

1985

No Abstracts

1986

Simpson, D. D., Joe, G. W., Lehman, W. E. K., & Sells, S. B. (1986).   Addiction careers: Etiology, treatment, and 12-year follow-up outcomes.   Journal of Drug Issues, 16(1), 107-121.

Abstract:   Follow-up interviews were conducted with 405 black and white male opioid addicts 12 years after admission to drug abuse treatments in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program. Outcomes over time in this longitudinal data system showed that the behavioral improvements observed throughout the first 6-year posttreatment follow-up period (compared with pretreatment baselines) tended to stabilize between Years 6 and 12. About one-fourth of the sample still used opioid drugs daily in Year 12. Demographic and background measures generally failed to predict Year 12 outcomes, although Year 6 outcomes were related to those in Year 12. Reasons for starting, continuing, and terminating opioid addiction were also examined, as well as the importance of treatment during addiction careers.
  

Simpson, D. D. (1986). 12-Year follow-up outcomes of opioid addicts treated in therapeutic communities. In G. De Leon & J. T. Ziegenfuss (Eds.), Therapeutic communities for addictions (pp. 109-120).   Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas.

Abstract:   Papers in this book demonstrate the TC treatment research literature has grown in size and sophistication over the past 15 years. The general effectiveness of this treatment has been documented but more research is needed which focuses on details of the therapeutic process. In addition, relatively little is known about the long-term outcomes of clients admitted to TC programs because of the short history of community-based drug abuse treatments. In 1969, the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) began collecting admission and during-treatment records on clients entering therapeutic communities (TCs) and other major treatment modalities provided by community-based agencies located across the United States. This paper summarizes early results from the 12-year follow-up of opioid addicts admitted to DARP treatments, giving particular attention to clients of TC programs.

   
Marsh, K. L., & Simpson, D. D. (1986).   Sex differences in opioid addiction careers.   American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 12(4), 309-329.

Abstract:   Differences between the opioid addiction careers of 84 female and 91 male addicts were examined longitudinally. Data were collected from clients participating in methadone maintenance treatment programs between 1969 and 1972 as part of the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP). Clients were interviewed prior to and during treatment, as well as 6 and 12 years after treatment. No differences between male and female addicts were found for demographic characteristics or treatment histories. Further, differences in behavioral outcomes for criminality and employment found at 12-year follow-up were shown to be a function of pretreatment differences, and were not related to differential treatment effects. Males and females did differ, however, in psychological status at 12-year follow-up, and in their reasons for quitting drug use and entering treatments. These differences, along with significantly greater financial and medical needs for females, indicate systematic long-term differences between female and male addiction careers which should be considered in prevention and treatment of opioid addiction.

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