www.ibr.tcu.edu/
pubs/recent/
81-83abs.html

Questions
and Additional
Information:
ibr@tcu.edu

Site Comments:
Webmaster

Updated:
August 22, 2008

Simpson, D. D. (1981).   Treatment for drug abuse: Follow-up outcomes and length of time spent.   Archives of General Psychiatry, 38(8), 875-880.

Abstract:   A sample of 1,496 persons admitted to 26 community treatment agencies participating in the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) during 1972 and 1973 were located and interviewed in 1978 and 1979. Favorableness of one-year posttreatment outcomes with respect to illicit drug use, criminality, and employment and other productive activities was found to increase linearly with the length of time patients stayed in methadone maintenance, a therapeutic community, or outpatient drug-free treatment. In addition, follow-up outcome for persons who spent less than three months in treatment was least favorable, and was not significantly different from that of persons in outpatient detoxification programs or who were admitted but not treated (intake-only). Persons who completed treatment generally stayed in treatment longer, as expected; they also had a more favorable outcome after DARP treatment than did others.

  
Simpson, D. D., & Savage, L. J. (1981-82).   Client types in different drug abuse treatments: Comparisons of follow-up outcomes.   American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 8(4), 401-418.

Abstract:   Differences in background characteristics of 1,812 Black and White male opioid addicts were used as the basis for defining profiles of “typical” clients assigned to methadone maintenance (MM), therapeutic community (TC), and outpatient drug-free (DF) programs. The three client types defined by these profiles, especially reflecting variations in criminal history and legal involvement, were compared using a composite outcome measure for drug use, criminality, and employment during the first year posttreatment. There were significant outcome differences among the client types, and the client type with greater criminal involvement had the poorest outcomes. The outcomes of clients in MM, TC, and DF treatments were not significantly different from one another, but they were significantly more favorable than those for clients in outpatient detoxification and a comparison intake-only group. The major finding, however, was the lack of evidence for an optimal match between client types and treatment types leading to better posttreatment outcomes of clients.

   
Simpson, D. D., & Lloyd, M. R. (1981).   Alcohol use following treatment for drug addiction: A four-year follow-up.   Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 42(3), 323-335.

Summary:   Heavy drinking following treatment for drug addiction was associated with sex (male), heavy drinking before treatment, a history of alcohol problems, low pretreatment use of opiates and high pretreatment use of nonopiates.

  
Savage, L. J., & Simpson, D. D. (1981).   Drug use and crime during a four-year posttreatment follow-up.   American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 8(1), 1-16.

Abstract:   Follow-up interview data for 1,155 opioid addicts showed that about three-fourths of the sample reported some criminal behavior during a 4-year period after leaving drug abuse treatment. Males had a higher prevalence of “major” crimes (including crimes against persons, robbery, mugging, burglary, theft, or dealing drugs) than did females, while females reported a higher percentage engaged in the so-called “victimless” crimes (primarily based on prostitution or pimping). Criminal behavior was primarily profit-related and strongly associated with drug use, especially opioid drugs. Drug users reported more criminal behavior than nonusers, and criminality and drug use increased and decreased together among persons who showed changes in drug use during the follow-up period.

   
Simpson, D. D. (1981).   Employment among opioid addicts during a four year follow-up after drug abuse treatment.   Journal of Drug Issues, Fall, 435-449.

Abstract:   Follow-up interview data for 1,155 opioid addicts, based on a 4-year period after leaving community-based drug abuse treatment programs, showed that levels of employment and productive activities (a composite measure reflecting employment, school, and homemaking) were generally stable over time. Almost half of the males and females were involved in some type of productive activities in all 12 months of each year examined, and only about one-fourth reported no productive activities at all each year. As expected, males reported higher rates of employment and females were higher in homemaking activities. Employment was associated with lower opioid drug use and criminal involvement during the follow-up period, suggesting the need for continued support and development of community training and employment placement programs as part of a comprehensive treatment system for drug abusers.

   
Simpson, D. D., Crandall, R., Savage, L. J., & Pavia-Krueger, E. (1981).   Leisure of opiate addicts at posttreatment follow-up.   Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28(1), 36-39.

Abstract:   Follow-up data for 1,174 opiate addicts were used to examine leisure reported prior to an interview conducted approximately 6 years after admission to treatment for drug abuse. Comparisons of self-reported leisure for the pretreatment and posttreatment follow-up periods showed that there was an overall shift toward more positive, socially accepted leisure activities at follow-up and that more free time was spent with family and with friends who did not use drugs. In addition, positive leisure at follow-up, as well as more positive changes in leisure over time, were related to favorable outcomes on drug use, criminality, and productive activities measures during the year before the follow-up interview.

  
Hater, J. J., & Simpson, D. D. (1981).   Use of community services by opioid addicts. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 13(4), 361-368.

Abstract:   The present study found that nine out of every 10 opioid addicts in the current follow-up sample of 1972-1973 drug treatment admissions experienced needs for one or more community services, and over one-third needed at least four of the different services considered. Approximately one-half or more of the sample indicated a need for vocational training, legal advice and medical care, while 21 percent to 30 percent indicated a need for services in the areas of family problems, mental health, health care and welfare. Counseling for alcohol problems represented the last prevalent need (13 percent). It is noted that these data are very similar to interest ratings for ancillary services recently reported by clients in methadone maintenance programs (Hargreaves, 1980). He found, for example, that services offering practical help involving legal and vocational problems received the highest interest ratings (approximately 50 percent to 60 percent of the sample), while only about one-quarter of the sample expressed interest in traditional psychotherapy or counseling.

Singh, B. K. (1981).   The effects of community structure on during-treatment outcomes of methadone maintenance programs.   International Journal of the Addictions, 16(7), 1183-1196.

Abstract:   This study examines the effects of selected community factors on aggregated during-treatment outcomes of methadone maintenance programs in 27 cities. The basic premise of the study is that methadone maintenance (MM) program outcomes on such measures as drug use, criminality, and productive activities are significantly affected by factors in the community environment. The results indicate that community measures are associated with outcomes on drug use (opiate and nonopiate), productive activities, and criminality but not with alcohol use. Another finding is that global measures such as overall quality of life of a community are not clearly related to outcomes of MM programs. It is also found that property crime rates, which are frequently used as indicators of prevalence of drug use, are not related to during-treatment program outcomes of drug use and criminality.
  

1982

Simpson, D. D., & Sells, S. B. (1982). Effectiveness of treatment for drug use: An overview of the DARP Research Program. Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse , 2(1), 7-29.  Full article: (PDF; 2.5mb/23 pages)

Abstract: The results of the treatment evaluation research based on the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) are summarized and discussed. The DARP is a data system containing almost 44,000 admissions during 1969 to 1973 to 52 treatment programs located throughout the United States and in Puerto Rico. The current report focuses on the findings of a number of interlocking posttreatment follow-up studies based on data for three independent samples representing admissions to this system. These data include a total of 4,627 interviews conducted 5 to 7 years after admission to the DARP, and an average of over 4 years after termination from treatment. The overall findings indicate that treatment in methadone maintenance, therapeutic communities, and outpatient drug-free programs was effective in improving posttreatment performance with respect to drug use, criminality, and productive activities. Significantly poorer outcomes were reorted for outpatient detoxification programs and a group of comparison (intake only) clients.

   
Joe, G. W., Lloyd, M. R., Simpson, D. D., & Singh, B. K. (1982-83).   Recidivism among opioid addicts after drug treatment: An analysis by race and tenure in treatment.   American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 9(4), 371-382.

Abstract:   Recidivism rates and recidivism proportions for return to a state of daily opioid use following discharge from drug abuse treatment were studied for a sample of Black and White male daily opioid users. The rates and proportions were analyzed by treatment type and time in treatment. Significantly higher recidivism proportions were found for shorter tenure clients.

1983

Joe, G. W., & Simpson, D. D. (1983).   Social factors related to the follow-up status of opioid addicts.   Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 15(3), 207-217.

Abstract:   The present findings concerning social and environmental factors that might affect follow-up outcomes offer support for several major theoretical themes. These findings are interpreted in terms of their practical implications for treatment and other intervention strategies for opioid addicts (such as emphasizing compensatory experiences, appropriate reference group identifications and social readjustment of clients), but the results are not definitive and lack precision in causal interpretations. Hopefully, subsequent research will benefit from these preliminary findings and will develop improved procedures for identifying and measuring the important variables in these and other theoretical models for greater precision in establishing predictive relationships with outcomes.
   
 

Lists by Year

2009   Abstracts
2008   Abstracts
2007   Abstracts
2006   Abstracts
2005   Abstracts
2004   Abstracts
2003   Abstracts
2002   Abstracts
2001   Abstracts
2000   Abstracts
1999   Abstracts
1998   Abstracts
1997   Abstracts
1996   Abstracts
1995   Abstracts
1994   Abstracts
1993   Abstracts
1992   Abstracts
1991   Abstracts
1990   Abstracts
1987-89   Abstracts
1984-86   Abstracts
1981-83   Abstracts
1978-80   Abstracts
1975-77   Abstracts
1972-74   Abstracts
1967-70   Abstracts
   
Lists by Research Focus

Process, Outcome, and Dissemination Studies
DATAR
By Year
By Topic

Correctional Treatment Outcome Evaluations
CJ-DATS

Cognitive Intervention Studies
CETOP

Organizational Attributes and Program Resources
TCOM

National Treatment Outcome Evaluations
DATOS
By Year
By Topic
DARP
By Year
By Topic

Special Issues:
· Women & Children
· Drugs in the Workplace
· HIV/AIDS Outreach
· Inhalant Use by Youth

Home | Manuals | Forms | Evidence |
Publications | Newsletters | Presentations |
Staff | Projects | About IBR |
What's New | Other Links | Downloads
Search | Contents | Site Map |

Copyright and Terms of Use
Privacy Policy